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Krystel von Kumberg, "Prince Valerio Borghese and the Two Ita(Lies): Operation Gladio and the Years of Lead."
Tue, Sep 12
|Zoom, Angelica Krystel von Kumberg
Hear from Krystel von Kumberg over Zoom speak about Prince Valerio Borghese’s 1970 “coup that never was” in the context of Italy’s Years of Lead. This session will be recorded.


Time & Location
Sep 12, 2023, 12:00 PM – 1:00 PM EDT
Zoom, Angelica Krystel von Kumberg
About this session
Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti exposed Gladio on October 24, 1990. He was the first to formally reveal the European-wide network of Stay Behind groups involved in internal subversion. The CIA and SIFAR (Italian Military Intelligence) sketched a plan in November 1956, codenamed Gladio, to form an army capable of guerrilla warfare and espionage to prepare for a Soviet invasion. When the expected war never came, these elements, mainly composed of neofascists and elements of the far-right, engaged in covert operations and what came to be known as the strategy of tension (1969-80) which aimed to manipulate and control public opinion using fear, psychological warfare, and false flag terrorism. Gladio has been labelled a parallel structure of the Interior Ministry, trained to fight against an internal threat: that of the communist and radical leftist extremists known as the Fifth Column (Quinta Colonna) or Red Gladio (Gladio Rossa). The violence that…
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